Palm Island in Dubai

The Palm Islands are artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed. They are being constructed by Nakheel Properties, a property developer in the United Arab Emirates, who hired Belgian and Dutch dredging and marine contractor Jan De Nul and Van Oord, some of the world's specialists in land reclamation. The islands are the Palm Jumeirah, the Palm Jebel Ali and the Palm Deira. Each settlement will be in the shape of a palm tree, topped with a crescent, and will have a large number of residential, leisure and entertainment centers. The Palm Islands are located off the coast of The United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf and will add 520 kilometres of beaches to the city of Dubai. The first two islands will comprise approximately 100 million cubic meters of rock and sand. Palm Deira will be composed of approximately 1 billion cubic meters of rock and sand. All materials will be quarried in the UAE. Among the three islands there will be over 100 luxury hotels, exclusive residential beach side villas and apartments, marinas, water theme parks, restaurants, shopping malls, sports facilities and health spas. The creation of the Palm Jumeirah began in June 2001. Shortly after, the Palm Jebel Ali was announced and reclamation work began. The Palm Deira, which is planned to have a surface area of 46. 35 square kilometres, was announced for development in October 2004. Construction was originally planned to take 10–15 years, but that was before the impact of the global credit crunch hit Dubai. The Palm Islands are artificial peninsulas constructed of sand dredged from the bottom of the Persian Gulf by the Belgian company Jan De Nul and the Dutch company Van Oord. The sand is sprayed by the dredging ships, which are guided by DGPS, onto the required area in a process known as rainbowing because of the arcs in the air when the sand is sprayed. The outer edge of each Palm's encircling crescent is a large rock breakwater. The breakwater of the Palm Jumeirah has over seven million tons of rock. Each rock was placed individually by a crane, signed off by a diver and given a GPS coordinate. The Jan De Nul Group started working on the Palm Jebel Ali in 2002 and had finished by the end of 2006. The reclamation project for the Palm Jebel Ali includes the creation of a four-kilometre-long peninsula, protected by a 200-metre-wide, seventeen-kilometre long circular breakwater. 210,000,000 m3 of rock, sand and limestone were reclaimed (partly originating from the Jebel Ali Entrance Channel dredging works). There are approximately 10,000,000 cubic metres of rocks in the slope protection works. The first thing comes to my mind about all the wonders of the world is the amazing ability of the engineers and architects involved in their constructions to come out with something which finally turns to wonder of the world. I also think that they might be built to let people from all around the world know about the country or state where they are situated. Let us take Dubai as an example. This UAE state became so significant when we talk about superb modern construction since the launching of it's famous Burj Al-Arab, a luxurious 7-star rated hotel. Then the name of Dubai continuously becoming well-known with numbers of modern constructions especially the unbeaten world's tallest building,the 162-stories Burj Khalifa with 828-meter height which is almost twice the height of our Petronas Twin Tower, and also the unbelievable Palm Ireland. The Palm Ireland project was firstly thought as something impossible by some groups of people but the credibilities of the project planners are now proven with its accomplishment. The amazing ideas of constructing these crazy stuffs had drastically brought Dubai to world's attention and this is a big bonus to it's tourism sector. Hence, wonders of the modern world can be said as the tourist attraction to the country or state where they are situated. However, sometimes I do feel that it's such a tragic obsession when Islamic countries and states like Malaysia and the famous Dubai are spending too much money on these constructions while Muslims in many regions of the world are suffering from the violence of the Jews. So, I think it should be a limit for these crazy projects and let us start focusing the nation's wealth to show our concern to Palestinians and all discriminated Muslims from various countries.

Myra Levine Theory Critique

Introduction Myra Levine proposed a grand theory of energy conservation. Using the Chinn and Kramer Model for critique, this paper will describe the theory reviewing purpose, concepts, definitions, relationships, structure, assumptions, and rationale for selection. Then, the theory will be critically examined for clarity, simplicity, generalizability, accessibility, and importance. Energy conservation provides a unique framework for education and current practice. Well-defined concepts of environment, health, nurse, and patient can guide research.However, the theory has limited application to some areas such as health promotion and disease prevention. Further refinement of this theory would beneficially develop the knowledge base of nursing, guide practice, and contribute to favorable outcomes. Description of Theory Purpose Myra Levine was an experienced nurse and teacher who sought to educate medical-surgical students about major concepts in nursing. Levine wanted the focus of nursi ng to be patient-centered instead of task-oriented (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011).Also, like other early nursing scholars, Levine wanted to distance nursing practice from medicine (Meleis, 2012). Trophicognosis is a term Levine invented to replace medical diagnosis. Trophicognosis referred to nursing judgement arrived at by the scientific method; according to Meleis (2012) trophicognosis was a â€Å"useful beginning for the use of the nursing process† (p. 291). Concepts Levine based her theoretical concepts on her personal philosophy. Levine viewed man as â€Å"an ever-changing organism in constant interaction with an ver-changing environment† (Levine, 1969, p. 93). Levine believed individuals respond to their environment in a systematic way based on their perceptual systems. Therefore, Levine conceptualized nursing based on the idea that â€Å"an appreciation of these responses will conserve the patient’s resources, alter his environment to fit his resources, and be an extension of his perceptual systems when his own are impaired† (Levine, 1969, p. 93). Conservation is unique to Levine’s theory and is the primary concept (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011).Levine identified four conservation principles as a framework for nursing interventions and established the goal of conservation as adaptation (Meleis, 2012). Other important concepts included wholeness, organismic responses, adaptation, integrity, and perceptual systems. Definitions The conservation model clearly defines major concepts related to patients, environment, adaptation and energy conservation. Levine did not think it was an accident that the word â€Å"health† was derived from the Anglo-saxon word for â€Å"whole† (Levine, 1969).Levine saw patients as complete persons made up of dynamic systems that continuously seek a state of balance. Levine viewed health and disease as patterns of adaptive change along a continuum of dynamic processes within a perso n’s unique pathophysiology and environment (Levine, 1966). Both internal and external environments were described; the external environment was categorized as perceptual, operational, or conceptual. Conservation of energy was defined as the goal, or outcome, of nursing; the concept of conservation included maintaining a person’s social, personal, and structural integrity (Meleis, 2012).Relationships According to Levine, the patient’s health is dependent on the nurse-supported process of adaptation (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011). Nurses function as an extension of the patient’s perceptual systems, but work to end the dependence as quickly as possible (Levine, 1966). Structure The conservation model follows a linear progression from desynchronization to energy conservation to adaptation. As a patient-focused and goal oriented theory, success is measured by outcome-based criteria. Assumptions Levine presented many implicit and explicit assumptions throughout her theory development.Levine’s assumptions centered on the essence of the human experience, adaptation, and nursing. The most influential assumption was the wholeness and complexity of patients (Meleis, 2012). Rationale for Selection There are many reasons to study Levine’s Conservation Model. The concept of energy conservation is unique to this model. Levine believed in holistic care and supported patient’s rights to personally define their health (Meleis, 2012). The concept of wholeness is consistent with most modern philosophies of nursing. The World Health Organization definition of health is also consistent with Levine’s concepts.Many multidisciplinary concepts relate to adaptation, including physics, physiology, and neuroscience (Meleis, 2012). These concepts may facilitate future theory development and research. Finally, in the current socio-political environment, outcome-based theory will likely become increasingly relevant as reimbursement depe nds on patient outcomes. Critical Reflection Clarity Chinn and Kramer defined clarity based on ease of understanding and consistency of concepts (Meleis, 2012). Myra Levine precisely and accurately labeled her theory Energy Conservation.It is apparent that her pedagogical practices influenced definitions of main concepts. I think she was consistent in her operational definitions of the patient, the nurse, the environment, and adaptation. However, I agree with Meleis (2012) that the derived concepts of integrity, wholeness, and humanism do not have clear boundaries. Simplicity Some of the definitions are complex, but Levine maintained simple components consistent with the theoretical assumptions & propositions (Meleis, 2012). Although human responses are a complex phenomenon, Levine limited much of her paradigm to physiologic responses.I believe this limitation benefits the use of her theory for empirical approaches to research. Generalizability The theory of energy conservation seek s to provide a broad framework for nursing care. However, the pathophysiology-based foundation biases application to acute care settings. Likewise, the specificity of the conservation principles limits implications for practice. The theory emphasizes short term goals and treatment; it does not generate propositions for modern issues of nutrition, diversity, health promotion, long-term care, family care, or community health (Meleis, 2012).Accessibility Levine’s theory has been widely used to direct education, administration, research, and practice (Meleis, 2012). The theory provides a useful framework when energy conservation is important for patient recovery. Therefore, this framework readily applies to vulnerable patient populations. However, a lack of clear definitions, boundaries between concepts, and development of propositions reduces the theory’s testability (Meleis, 2012). Importance Practically applied, Levine’s theory most readily relates to acute care settings.However, within the grand theory of energy conservation, Levine asserted concepts that are still important today. Levine emphasized science, recognized wholeness, and acknowledged patients as partners in care (Fawcett & Swoyer, 2008). Empirical knowledge remains imperative to scientific development in nursing. Also, contemporary nurses widely accept the paradigm of holistic care. Person-environment interactions and life processes are additional ideas Levine presented which current nursing practice accepts (Meleis, 2012). ConclusionLevine’s Conservation Model has proven useful as a theoretical framework to develop educational curricula, guide practice, and improve patient outcomes. The theory application is limited to acute care settings and lacks well-developed propositions for research. However, the theory possesses many salient ideas which could encourage future research on environment, energy, and adaptation. Levine accepted the evolution of theories, acknowledgin g their potential for change and development (Meleis, 2012). I think Levine would be pleased that her ideas continue to be explored.

Analysis of retail marketing

Analysis of retail marketing Retailing involves the selling of goods, services or merchandise from a fixed location (like departmental store, boutique), by mail or through the internet, in smaller lots for direct consumption by the customers. Subordinate services like delivery may be included. (Wikipedia) After studying the nature and role of retail and the global environment in which it operates, following is my research in this area: 1) Retail Internationalisation is much more than the opening of stores abroad: Retailing had always been a domestic market activity. However, an increasing number of retailers are no more confining their trading activities to the home-market (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing). Fashion retailers like The Gap, H&M, Zara, Gucci, etc recognised the benefits of crossing boundaries and thus, have sought to exploit international opportunities. Retail internationalisation is an essential ingredient for the global economy. Consumers are increasingly becoming international in their outlook due to business/pleasure travelling, access to internet, television, magazines, etc and are always seeking new experiences and a global appeal while shopping. International retailing satisfies the increasingly complex and demanding needs of global consumers. As retailers are cost-driven, consideration of key activities and procedures is necessary to achieve the tag of an international retailing business that is profitable. Internationalising retailers also gain sustainable competitive advantage. Wal-Mart and Tesco enjoy cost leadership & the benefits of operational efficiency. Brand strength is well known with Starbucks. Zara and H&M achieved fashion leadership whereas category dominance is prominent with IKEA. The motivations for international expansion: According to Williams, 1991, it is important to note those factors that motivate retailers to consider international markets as a strategy for growth. Amongst the various theoretical frameworks, the â€Å"push and pull† factors proposed by Alexander (1997) have emerged as key in interpreting retailer’s motives behind expansion into foreign markets. It focuses on why retailers are ‘pulled’ towards a foreign market and/or why they are ‘pushed’ to move out of their home market. According to Alexander (1997), retail internationalisation was a reaction to the bad internal market conditions, or the desire to further exploit trade competencies and opportunities abroad due to home-market saturation. The 21st century has given rise to an elite group of trans-national grocery retailers (like Wal-Mart, Tesco, Carrefour) for whom internationalisation is a defining element of their corporate philosophy. E.g. Tesco, with 15% turnover from outside the UK & 65,000 overseas staff, declares internationalisation as one of the four defining elements of its corporate strategy. Likewise, rigorous international strategy is being pursued by the Spanish footwear brand Camper, b y recognising their brand appeal, product range and limited sector-competition. (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing) To conclude, retail internationalisation is not just about opening of stores abroad. It also involves: Synchronising cultural diversity Transferring knowledge and experience Sustainability and ethical aspects of retailing Young consumers and global trends Cross-boundary service quality The need to develop & manage stores in new markets The transfer of ‘invisible’ dimensions of retail such as know-how and expertise from one market to another Cost-saving reasons Achieving market differentiation 2) Provide a critique of the various methods of market entry that are available to the international retailer:

Apple vs. Windows Operating Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple vs. Windows Operating Systems - Essay Example The two most common operating systems in today’s market include Windows and Apple. In spite of the numerous advantages of Apple OS, Windows has far better features, is more user friendly and therefore is the better of the two options. Apple computers introduced its first working operating system in June 1978 known as Apple DOS 3.1. When using apple OS it is possible for one to run other operating system on it such as windows as suggested by Pejrolo (57). Therefore, one can choose and install an OS such as window 7 in a Mac computer and run anything related to it at same time. This implies how flexible the Apple operating system is compared to others such as the windows. Though Apple OS may be infected by viruses their level of getting such is less compared to that of Windows. Apple OS is well designed with an excellent visual appeal and a high-head feel. Apple also provides its customers with an Apple Store where one can take his/her if anything wrong happens with it then it g ets fixed. The OS also comes with a limited number of reliable programs such as iLife, iWeb, iMovie and iDVD. In addition to this, Apple products usually work best with each other. Apple benefits from its intellectual property and it is highly depended on it. Apple Operating system also has some disadvantages such as small software base as opposed to windows. It also misses some features which are usually basic with Windows operating system. Apple operating system is best suited for professional users as opposed to the general user or novice in IT. This is because the software has features and terms which may not be self explanatory, quite unlike Window’s. Windows operating system is usually user-oriented and tightly integrated compared to the Apple operating systems. Windows Operating system possesses a right mouse button which improves the efficiency of the operating system. It also has an automated validation process referred to as Windows Genuine Advantage which is integr ated with other Microsoft operating system products. Furthermore, the Windows Genuine Advantage (WGA) updates the current windows installed together with its licence key despite the hardware used. Due to this validation process the Windows OS user has to undergo series of validation systems before being authorised to install updates and other releases of the software. This way the WGA provides security to the Windows operating system. Windows OS is usually faster and easier to work with as one is able to work with their PC in whichever way they want to. It is designed in a manner that it can be well-matched with a large combination of hardware. Due to its compatibility with hardware, windows OS has become the best system for the wide range of computing services according to Freeman (38). Windows OS also provides its software manufacturers’ with a wider user base. As a result most of the software available in the market is designed so as to run basically with Windows. While va rious applications are capable of being installed in various OS, majority of them can only apply in one operating system and Windows is the most preferred due to its compatibility. Windows also offers a wide range of opportunities to its users such as windows process activation service, application recovery and also mandatory integrity. As a result, this OS has become widely used in all types of environments. Furthermore, the software is cheaper in cost compared to Apple, the more reason it has remained a favourite for most

Slavery and movents to end it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slavery and movents to end it - Essay Example However, the most flourishing anti-slavery movement at that time was the abolitionism movement. The main objective of abolitionism was to radically emancipate all slaves in the country and to end segregation and discrimination that was rampant in the American society at the time (Filler 1833). The radical nature of abolitionism distinguished the movement from other movements of its historical period. Abolitionism movement was also fueled by religious dedication in the second great awakening. The movement’s popularity therefore attracted contradictory and similar opinions from different scholars. The authors, Douglass, Pessen, and Thoreau held similar opinion on the necessity of radical transformation in ending slavery in the United States of America. In his writing, Frederick Douglass emphasized the need for immediate and radical action to end slavery and racism in the state. He offered an indomitable voice of hope to slavery in his writing. In his lecture, Frederick also talked about the need to embrace anti-slavery politics in the country. In his writings, Pessen talked about the need to fight for equality of the entire American citizenry. He condemned the unjust glorification of man through the use of erroneous information. During the abolitionism movement, Pessen discussed how the enslaved women and black Americans were mistreated by the government and other owners of the means of production (David 177). Henry David Thoreau emphasized the need for civil noncompliance in the fight for the rights of the enslaved minorities and women in the society. He was once imprisoned for breaking the law by declining to remit tax revenues. It is clear that, Douglass, Pessen, and Henry David Thoreau advocated for a radical movement that would eliminate slavery and forge discussions for fairness justice for all citizens of America. These renowned authors were solidly behind the abolitionism movement. The three held diverse opinions on the manner in which radical

Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Open topic - Essay Example Opponents of marijuana use have offered diversified arguments to support the current laws that limit application of the drug. One of the arguments identifies the intoxicating effect of the drug and notes that legalizing it will have adverse effects on physical activities. Using the work environment as an example, the opponents explain that when people get stoned after using the drug, they are not able to concentrate on their work. Inefficiency at work and mistakes that can lead to accidents will therefore be on the rise with adverse effects on the economy at both macro and microeconomic levels. Loss of focus is also feared among drivers should they drive under significant influence of marijuana because this is likely to increase incidences of road accidents. This is because marijuana affects people’s rationale and reduces ability to make instantaneous responses. It is also argued that smoking marijuana is immoral because of its effect on the society. Legalizing the drug is lik ely to increase its exposure and young people will be more vulnerable to using it. At the same time, the drug has adverse effects such as damaging users’ bodies and mind. Significance of these effects has been used to support current laws (Steve 48). Habits develop gradually and this offers another argument against legalization of marijuana. The proponents of the status quo on illegality of marijuana argue that marijuana will act as a stepping-stone to consumption of stronger drugs. Making marijuana legal will expose many people to use and dependence on drugs and the victims, after a period of consumption, will seek drugs that can offer greater stimulating effects. Disadvantages of the hard drugs such as adverse effects on people’s bodies develop fears that legalization of marijuana will have serious secondary effects. Effects of smoking on other people are another offered reason for opposing legalization of marijuana. While a smoker has intentions to expose self to sm oke and chemicals in marijuana, such smoking exposes other people to the factors. This only favors smokers and it endangers their lives at no benefit at all. The government however has the responsibility for protecting the public through such arms and formulation of policies that limits such usage and strict implementation of the policies ensures that people do not suffer because of effects of secondary smoking. It is also believed that legalization of marijuana could set a bad precedent towards calls for an eventual legalization of harder drugs. This will however be detrimental to the society because of the more adverse effects of the hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin (Balanced Politics 1). Analysis of these opponent arguments however exposes a number of weaknesses because the fears can be managed or may not be real. Considering the proposed adverse effects of marijuana legalization on safety on roads or at workplaces, legalizing the drug may increase its accessibility but that does not mean that the other drugs are safe. Alcohol, for example, is legal and have similar effects as the proposed effects of marijuana. Developed measures such as laws that regulate driving while intoxicated and work environment’s codes of conduct have regulated alcohol consumption and can be used to regulate consumption of marijuana at places

Shutdown procedures on Mixers, Crutcher and Pumps Essay

Shutdown procedures on Mixers, Crutcher and Pumps - Essay Example Preferably not all of the succinic acid is flushed through the buffer tank. This means that when the supplies of succinic anhydride, water and alkali are switched on for start-up, there is still some acid in the buffer tank to "seed" the hydrolysis reaction. During the period that the process is not operating, the buffer tank should be maintained at an elevated temperature (typically 60Â °-80Â ° C.) in order to prevent solidification of the succinic acid/anhydride mix’ (Patentstorm 1998). A crutcher is the ‘main reaction vessel in the semi-boiled saponification process, or simply a mixing vessel in the soap modification process. It can be used to make a wide variety of soaps or for mixing additives and fillers into liquid soap. Crutches are very easy to use and are generally found in laundry soap factories. They are also used in more sophisticated plants, such as for making transparent soap. A process is described for retarding or preventing the setting of a miscible and pumpable crutcher slurry intended to be spray dried to base beads for subsequent conversion to a built synthetic organic nonionic detergent composition.

Men and Masculinity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Men and Masculinity - Essay Example The essay "Men and Masculinity" will analyze the perception developed and expressed in association with masculinity. In the first stage of the paper, there will be the discussion on the power and gains in social heights with respect to a positive perception of masculinity. The application of masculinity should not always be considered as a vice but in consideration of its relevance in the society. There is also the evaluation of the responsibilities that are associated with pronounced masculinity. In the analysis of masculinity, the paper will connect the implication of masculinity in the younger generation and how it manifests itself later in life. To express this manifestation, it will analyze a character in the movie Iron Man hence explaining why mature masculinity is a process rather than an event. The relevance in the relation between men and masculinity should be evaluated in the context of gender balance. In understanding, the concept of masculinity in men there should be the definition of its cause and effects. First, the body of a man is biologically built to be more muscular than the body of a woman, which gives the reason for the creation of the concept of masculinity. According to Blow (2012) evaluation and argues in his study, boys who cannot measure up to prescriptions that are dominant in masculinity are likely to be punished by his peers in quest of stripping him his mantle of masculinity. This well explains the existence of masculinity at the early age of a male child. The physical distinction gives way to labeling men as masculine. The audio podcast of Brett (2010), The Art of Manliness argues that good qualities are considered the advantages of the present masculinity attribution to men and the poor qualities are the disadvantages. Hence providing additional ideas on the concept of masculinity in terms of its implications on men. Furthermore, the audio podcast claims that the qualities of men can later on be incorporated to influence the society and other people. The idea of men being masculine alone does not bring any problem in the concept of masculinity but the result of this idea, which leads to stereotyping of men. The stereotyping of men as masculine in physical appearance and behavioral conduct later becomes an expectation of the society. The media give an image to men as muscular, emotionally and mentally tough, hard drinker, and other characteristics associated with strength and power (McCarry, 2007). As a result, the public has accepted this representation to the standard of masculinity. Another res earch done by Caroline (2009) connects the relevance of masculinity in relation to gender, economic, social, and political development of the society. She further argues that masculinity cannot be neglected in terms of

The history of the alphabet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The history of the alphabet - Essay Example The Latin alphabets are regarded as the most widely used alphabets of the world. These alphabets are derived from the Greek that provided the concept of consonants and vowels (Stephen, p98) The Greek alphabets are rooted from the Phoenician alphabets that basically donate a system that proposed the use of symbols for every consonant. It implies that all the alphabets used in the present world have their roots deeply embedded in to the Phoenician alphabets (Joseph, p65). There are two main scripts that provide the hints for the history of alphabets. These scripts were created somewhere before the end of the fourth millennium BCE known as Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs. These scripts provide the base for the production of Phoenician alphabets and were widely used in the Middle East region. Many of the languages used in the regions are developed from the based provided by the Phoenician alphabets and the two mentioned scripts. The set of 22 hieroglyphs was created by th e ancient Egyptians in 2700 BCE. These hieroglyphs basically represent the individual consonants of their language. In addition to the consonant, the 23rd hieroglyph presented the concept of word initial or word final vowel for the first time (Stephen, p98).

Social Trends Essay Example for Free

Social Trends Essay This great movement was great in the way it was perceived to prepare people for death through making strong their faith. This was indeed a great deal in America during the colonial period. The likelihood of death was very prevalent all over in the colonial era (Butler, pp. 305-25). Deaths from floods, malnutrition, disease and other complications coming from childbirth were a common occurrence. Death was in the minds of all while making an effort to remain alive. The message from the church was that people would be part of devil’s accomplice because of their sins if they did not receive forgiveness from God. As a result of faith, quite a number of colonialists were of the opinion that they required their church on matters of clothing, food as well as shelter. Through strengthening the citizen’s faith, the church got hold of a very imperative role in the British Colony in the Northern part of America. Among these most famous men of this time were people like George Whitefield who was quite outspoken as well as adored and at the same time feared owing to his messages. It is said that George preached to 19,000 people in Boston in a period of three days. As though that was not enough, he left a group of 25,000 individuals being disturbed by the fear of everlasting damnation. The inspiration that came to people was to move out and establish churches in their own cities; construct houses for the disadvantaged and also employ ministers to assist them in sustaining their new and wholesome life of Christianity (Butler, pp. 305-25). Economic Trends As a result of the great awakening, many individuals resigned in their jobs and embarked on a journey of a travelling minister. There was now a great and spontaneous entry of ministers to the colonial America. These preachers were not ordained. They included uneducated farmers who regarded themselves as the poor of Christ. The core mission was to stress equality in humanity as well as emphasising that heaven was a home for the poor and not the rich. They emerged as wandering preachers who extended the Great Awakening amidst the poor and the rich, the illiterate and the educated, and also in the black-nation together with seaboard cities and towns. Conclusion Even though the Great Awakening based on religious foundations came to a brick wall by years after 1740, the effects therein were far reaching. In New England together with the South, changes started to weaken the authority of the culture of the upper class. This was a change that was anticipated for in the colonial America. Condemnation to the poor was evident because of their dirty lifestyle which differed with the very articulate lifestyle of the upper class. The Great Awakening in the end led to change of opinions and values that influenced politics together with daily life. There was a self-worth in the common man. Individuals assumed other responsibilities in dealings of religion. They on the other hand became sceptical of the already existing authority and belief systems. These particular values have been the core values of the society of America from the time of the Great Awakening and are perceived to last for years in the future (Butler, pp. 305-25). Work Cited Butler, Jon. Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening as Interpretative Fiction. Journal of American History 69 (1982): 305-25

Introduction To Law And Legislation Social Work Essay

Introduction To Law And Legislation Social Work Essay Referring to case study 2: Helen, a 78 year lady, a Section. 2 and a Section. 5 of The Community Care Delayed Discharges Act 2003 have been issued and Social Services have 72 hours before they are cross charged. This Act penalises local authorities who cannot provide for discharged hospital patients, as it ensures NHS patients receive adequate care when being discharged from hospital. It sets out timescales which Social Services have to comply with and if there is a delay in discharge whereby Social Services are to blame they will be cross charged  £100.00 per day under s.6 of the Liability to make Delayed Discharge payments. This is the main provision of this Act along with on-site multi-disciplinary working. However, if the delay in service provision is down to the NHS then reimbursement does not apply and if during this process there is a dispute then this is under s.9, Dispute Resolutions of the CC(DD)A 2003. The law states that if a s.2 and a s.5 of CC(DD)A 2003 have been issued together then the process is as follows: This section applies where a section 2 notice has been given. Subsection (2) ensures that the NHS body responsible for issuing the section 2 notice to the social services authority, and any other NHS body which may need to provide services to the patient upon discharge, must consult the social services authority before deciding which services it will make available upon discharge. This is to ensure that a complete package of care can be put in place smoothly and without duplication or omission of any particular service. The responsible NHS body will in the first instance normally be a hospital but the majority of NHS services upon discharge are likely to be provided by the patients Primary Care Trust. The social services authority must be consulted about all NHS services that are to be provided The first step in the case of Helen would be to have a statutory meeting with the social services manager to discuss Helens situation and to establish the legal framework and service delivery to be applied. The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 (NHSCCA) was enacted as a result of unfair treatment of older people, as it gave them the right to an assessment to services. The main principle and rational of the NHSCCA 1990 is to provide people with relevant services to enable them to live independently in their own homes, rather than moving them into a residential setting. Although this piece of legislation is considered to be complex it has a number of powers and duties imposed on local authorities. The primary role of local authorities with community care responsibilities is to ensure that: Adult social care is delivered effectively Services users wishes are taken into account, and Services are delivered safely (Brayne Carr, 2010:508). The main statutory duty for social workers of the NHSCCA 1990 is Section 47. Under s.47 (1) as social workers we have a duty to do a needs lead assessment and this is a must in the case of Helen. The National Service Framework for Older People provides a framework for health and care services for older people, and this is an important development whereby social work assessments are integrated with health care assessments. As the duty social worker when doing an assessment there are two aspects that should be considered. First, there is the assessment of Helens needs not wants; second, bearing in mind the outcome of that assessment, the decision to provide (or not) particular services. However, during the NHSCCA 1990 s.47(1) needs lead assessment, if Helen is identified as being disabled, she has additional rights as set out in s.47(2). During this assessment the local authority must, under s.47(3)of the NHSCCA 1990, inform the Health or Housing authorities if it appears Helen may req uire services which they could provide (Braye Preston-Shoot, 2010). The roots of social care and social work lie in the National Assistance Act 1948 (NAA). Section 29, Part 3 refers to specific groups such as older people and to qualify for services under this Section the law states: A local authority may, with the approval of the Secretary of State, and to such extent as he may direct in relation to persons ordinarily resident in the area of the local authority shall make arrangements for promoting the welfare of persons to whom this section applies, that is to say persons aged eighteen or over who are blind, deaf or dumb, or who suffer from mental disorder of any description and other persons aged eighteen or over who are substantially and permanently handicapped by illness, injury, or congenital deformity or such other disabilities as may be prescribed by the Minister (www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/11-12/29/section/29). It is clear that where there is a legal statutory duty, you have to consider the implications of accountability within the social work profession and this in turn can cause tensions between legal framework and the General Social Care Councils codes of practice. For example, it is difficult to reconcile the values of anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice with some of the terminology utilised in the National Assistance Act 1948, such as deaf or dumb. However, as Helens needs meet this definition, as she is considered to be a s.29 service user and any provisions for Helen will be made under The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 s.2. This places a duty on local Authorities to assess the individual needs of everyone who falls within Section 29 of the National Assistance Act 1948 (Brammer, 2010:402). In addition older people can be offered residential care under the National Assistance Act 1948 s.21 and home care and laundry services under the National Health Service Act 2006 Schedule 20(3). Under s.2 of the CSDPA 1970 the provision of welfare services, local authorities are required to provide services such as an occupational therapist (OP). The OP can do functional assessment to establish the provisions required and to aid in the transition from hospital to the home. The main provisions do not include personal care but assesses how the service users function, for example get dressed, and get out of bed in hospital or at home. The fundamental rational is to power and enable the service user to get back to their former ability. The Health and Social Services and Social Security Adjudication Act 1982 s.17, provides local authorities the power to make reasonable charges for non-residential services. Under this legislation the first six weeks of intermediate care is free, NHS is free at delivery social services is not. Intermediate care or reablement is a term used to represent a range of integrated health and/or social care services that as part of an agreed care plan aim to: Promote faster recovery from illness Prevent unnecessary admission to hospital Support timely discharge following an acute hospital admission Prevent premature admission to long-term residential care Maximize your chances of living independently (www.ageuk.org.uk ). It was introduced to bridge the gap for people who were medically fit for discharge but were unable to return to independent living. Reablement typically it lasts for no more than six weeks and is provided without charge to the service user. Helen will receive the reablement service for six weeks and if further support is required, then Adult Social Care services may be chargeable. Research evidence confirms that reablement schemes are well placed both to meet the preferred outcomes of service users and to achieve cost effectiveness in service delivery, when compared with alternatives such as longer term care (Braye et al., 2004: 113). Once a community care assessment is carried out, we need to make decisions about what support will be provided for Helen. Helen would be required have a financial assessment by a Financial Assessment Benefits Advisor (FABA). The FABA will carry out an assessment on Helens financial situation and ensure she is claiming any state benefits she may be entitled to. They will need to see proof of her income and, savings and will ask for details about her expenses. This assessment is straightforward and the officers will try to make it as pleasant as possible. National guidelines published by the Department of Health called Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) provides Social Services with an eligibility framework for Adult Social Care to identify whether or not the duty to provide services under this framework. The national FACS policy states that local authorities may take account of the resources available to them in deciding which needs to meet. FACS divides need into four categories: critical, substantial, moderate or low. Thus the concept of need is determined by factors such as the availability of resources and this in turn causes tensions between policy, practice and law. Essex local authorities are just meeting critical needs at present and although having rights which are legally enforceable do not necessarily imply the need will be met due to funding within Social Services. to ensure that older people are treated as individuals and they receive appropriate and timely packages of care which meet their needs as individuals, regardless of health and social services boundaries (Department of Health, 2001a, Standard 2). Social Services are required by law to provide equipment for the home free of charge if the service user does not have any liquid assets. However, Helen does have an owner occupied property but does not have any savings, so therefore community care services will be provided by Social Services free of charge. Local authorities have the power, and in some cases a duty, to charge for certain community care services, under the National Assistance Act 1948 and the Health and Social Services and Social Security Adjudications Act 1983 (White et al, 2007). Community equipment includes aids such as raised seats, walking sticks; grab rails and shower mats, commodes and minor adaptations that assist daily living to promote independence in the home. If Helen wishes to have help managing her affairs, then provided she has mental capacity she can appoint someone else to make decisions on her behalf. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) makes it possible to produce a Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) to continue beyond any future loss of capacity by Helen. The LPA can cover property and financial affairs, or personal welfare (including health care and treatment) or both. However, this must be registered with the Public Guardian before it can be used. (www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/Mentalcapacityandthelaw/Makingarrangementsincaseyoulosementalcapacity/DG_185921) The more capable older people are mentally the less likely it is that others will intervene in the choices which they make. However, for relatives these decisions may provoke anxiety and quilt. In such situations the capacity of the service user becomes an important factor in the decision process. Everyone has capacity unless stated otherwise and under the Human Rights Act 1998, Article 5(1) grants a general Right to liberty and security of person. This Article covers rights to liberty, which has self-evident relevance to the detention of people with mental health problems. Under Article 5(1)(e) three conditions must be met, except in the case of an emergency: A true mental disorder must be established before a competent authority on the basis of objective medical expertise; The mental disorder must be of a kind or degree warranting compulsory confinement; The validity of continued confinement depends on the persistence of such a mental disorder (Johns, 2010:32). With regards to the allegations that Helen has dementia we must have reasonable belief before making judgements on Helens mental capacity. However, it is necessary for Social services to investigate, for example look at her medical records to see if this has been confirmed by a medical professional, such as her General Practitioner. However, there is the issue of confidentiality to be considered and as such we would require Helens consent in obtaining this kind of information. The Data Protection Act 1998 is concerned with the protection of Human Rights in relation to personal data. The aim of the Act is to ensure that personal data is used fairly and lawfully and where necessary, the privacy of individuals are respected. It sates: An Act to make new provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/introduction). It is important to note that the Human Rights Act 1998, encompasses every single act within the United Kingdoms legal system. For health and social care it enables the legal framework to meet the requirements of service delivery. Due to allegations and concerns made by Stephanie, Helens daughter, it is necessary to undertake a formal documented assessment under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) Section.1. This assessment is known as the MCA model and has to be conducted by two professionals of different agencies in order to confirm Helens mental capacity. The MCA 2005 codes of practice sets out five statutory principles and these are: A person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that they lack capacity. A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all practical steps to help him to do so have been taken without success. A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision merely because he makes an unwise choice. An act done or decision made, under this Act for or on behalf of a person who lacks capacity must be done, or made, in his best interests. Before this act is done, or the decision made, regard must be had to whether the purpose for which it is needed can be as effectively achieved in a way that is less restrictive of the persons rights and freedom of action (www3.hants.gov.uk/adult-services/health-wellbeing/adultmh/mental-capacity-act/mca-principles.htm). Case law refers to cases which have changed legislation and the story of an autistic man detained in Bournewood hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983, changed the rights for people who lack capacity. His carers successfully challenged his unlawful detainment and deprivation of liberty, by taking the case to the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). In 2004 the European Court judgment of the appeal of R v. Bournewood Community and Mental Health Trust, ex parte L [1998] 3 ALL ER 458, was forced to change and the Bournewood ruling and now provides extra protection for the human rights of people who lack capacity and find themselves deprived of their liberty (Brammer, 2010). There are two statues to consider when looking Helens case, the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA) and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) (both amended by the Mental Health Act 2007 (MHA 2007)), which provide different kinds of powers and duties for Social Services with regards to Helens mental capacity. Fennell (2007) indicates that both acts provide safeguarding against arbitrary deprivation of liberty which would contravene Articles 5 and 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998. Helen may be medically fit but mentally not ready to go home and if this were to happen this can delay discharge as this would require waiting for assessments to be completed and therefore, the NHS would now be responsible for the delay. As the service user/patients circumstances would have changed, the NHS would have to withdraw the existing notice and re-notify social services under s.2 of the Community Care (Delayed Discharges) Act 2003. Re-notification of this kind cancels the previous notice and restarts the process, meaning that social services must reassess the patient and, after consulting the NHS body, decide when the patient will be ready to be discharged. Social care services, which are provided by public authorities, provide support for individuals, families, carers, groups and communities. In most cases, whenever you need healthcare, medical treatment or social care, you have the right not to be discriminated against because of your age, race, gender, gender identity,  disability, religion or sexual orientation. On the 1st October 2010, the Equality Act became statute. It provides anti-discriminatory law and has replaced the Disabilities Discrimination Act 1995 and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. provides a new cross-cutting legislative framework to protect the rights of individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all; to update, simplify and strengthen the previous legislation; and to deliver a simple, modern and accessible framework of discrimination law which protects individuals from unfair treatment and promotes a fair and more equal society (http://www.equalities.gov.uk/equality_act_2010.aspx). In summary when Helen is medically fit to leave hospital, social workers are responsible for ensuring the transition from hospital, back home is managed in a sensitive way. Helen is currently receiving meal on wheels and although additional support may be needed it is clear she will require continuing care. This is the name given to the care needed by an adult who requires help over an extended period of time to assist in their daily life. This package of care involves services and funding from both the NHS and Adult Social Care. There are many aspects to consider when working within legal frameworks in Adult Social Care, such as statutory duties, service users rights and tensions which can occur when working a multi-disciplinary setting. In order to determine a sufficient and accurate care plan, the legal statutory duties and the codes of practice laid out by the General Social Care Council should guide practice but ultimately the needs of the services user should be at the fore.

J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter Essay -- Rowling Harry Potter Essays

J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter Harry Potter is an orphaned boy whose parents were attacked and killed by the evil wizard, Lord Voldemort. The boy survived the horrible slaying, which left him with a lightning bolt scar on his forehead. He lives with his disagreeable uncle and aunt and unpleasantly selfish cousin during summer months. The boy attends the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, where he learns about potions, flying on a broomstick, and fighting off the evil Lord Voldemort. Harry Potter is adored by children of all ages, along with adults, for his witty humor and fantasy adventures. Children crave his friendship and magic powers. The first three books were on the New York Times bestseller lists before New York Times decided to split up the list into children's and adults' books because of Harry Potter's popularity (Gray par. 2). Harry Potter won the Parenting Book of the Year Award in 1998, and the 1997 National Book Award (Ballard par. 6). Harry Potter has swept through the world causing controversy over the positive and negative impacts the books are having on children. Although some people claim that Harry Potter is Satanic, Harry Potter has had a positive influence on children's literature because children are learning good values, a positive role model, and are reading more. J.K. Rowling presented Harry Potter to children's literature in 1997. Seven years ago, Rowling was an unemployed single mother of a small daughter and was living in a two-room apartment in Edinburgh, Scotland. Rowling began to write Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in a coffee shop while her daughter took naps Since then, she has written a total of four novels: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone written in... ...oshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. Gray, Paul. "The Magic of Potter." Rev. Dec. 2000.17. Oct. 2001 http://www.time.com/time/pog2000/mag/rowling.html. Liungman, Carl G. "Dictionary of Symbols." Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1991. Radigan, Winifred M. "Connecting the Gernerations: Memory, Magic, and Harry Potter." Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy 44.8 (2001):694. Academic Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. "Why We Like Harry Potter." Christianity Today 10 Jan. 2000: 37. Academic Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001. Wyckoff, Malia McCawley. "Beyond Harry Potter: The books boys can't resist reading." Family Life Oct. 2000: 86. Academic Search Elite. Palni Site Search. Goshen College Good Library. 24 October 2001.

Reflection Essay :: Reflection Essay

Much like Benjamin Franklin believed, I feel that a person should take advantage of the time the person has in life with activities a person wants to do or needs to do. A person should not spend much time on activities the person does not want to do. Life is way too short to concern oneself with work or other activities one wants nothing to do with all the time. When possible, I try to forget about my responsibility and just let go of the ‘things’ that do not matter to me. I think a person should try to occupy oneself with something productive, worthwhile, or necessary at all times. Even though a person’s life is left up to a person to live, I cannot imagine thinking that I owe my time to society through working a job that I simply despise. I am a compassionate person, but I do not owe anyone anything regarding my time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taking advantage of life, what could that possibly mean? Well, there are certain activities I would like to take part in before I can no longer do them. I very seldom make idle promises, and I even more seldom tell hollow promises to myself. I am going to have the best possible time I can in accordance to my desires and no one else’s. I have already made up my mind that I want to work towards starting a musical band; therefore, one can be sure I am going to take advantage of the chance and opportunity I have to accomplish it. I also have certain places I want to go or perhaps activities I want to do before my time is up. I have made it up in my mind that I am going to travel to different parts of the world to see places most people will not, or perhaps some places that most people do not even know exist. I am going to make an attempt to do some extreme activities in an attempt to experience life from another angle. Again, an angle most people just do not se e, an angle hopefully a little too far off a tangent the average person. To experience life and take advantage of it, one needs to make promises to oneself. A person may wonder, â€Å"How am I supposed to do this? How can I possibly accomplish anything I want to do?

Heineken Essay -- essays research papers fc

Global distribution channels vary in general because everyone is trying to discover a way to make money without getting the flow of current distribution channels. Each channel is a very important chapter in the process of the global channel in order for the world to obtain some type of harmony within the distributing between the channels. The article discusses brand management on a global scale. Marketing across cultures can be done with Theodore Levitt's idea for exploiting the "economics of simplicity" with standardized products, packaging, and communication. Global brands become symbols of cultural ideals; therefore, transnational companies have to offer a high-value product that deliver the cultural myths consumers are looking for. The Global Brands Study found consumers associate global brands with three characteristics (quality signal, global myth, and social responsibility), which are used to evaluate them when making purchase decisions. Global consumers are segmented into four categories: global citizens, global dreamers, anti-globals, and global agnostics. More than two decades ago, Harvard Business School professor Theodore Levitt provocatively declared in a 1983 HBR article, "The Globalization of Markets," that a global market for uniform products and services had emerged. He argued that corporations should exploit the "economics of simplicity" and grow by selling standardized products all over the worl...

Online Buyology Essay

Descriptions of China’s economy are often paired with the best of accolades: promising, miraculous and meteoric, to name a few. But observers rarely use the words â€Å"fair† and â€Å"transparent† to describe the country’s business environment. One need not look far to see why: rampant corruption, preferential policies for state-owned companies, and copious red tape all prevent private enterprises from thriving. Yet out of this unequal playing field, e-commerce giant Alibaba and web portal Sina have created two of the fairest and most transparent business platforms in China. Alibaba allows individuals and companies to sell goods on its Taobao platform, giving vendors a set of standards and leaving everything else to their discretion. Weibo is similarly a free-for-all of Chinese expression, with the notable exception of controversial political topics. Both Taobao and Weibo have exploded since their founding and have maintained commanding leads in their respective fields. Taobao sales were US$58. 7 billion (RMB370 billion) in 2010 while Tmall, a site aimed at more developed brands spun off of Taobao in 2008, currently has about 55,000 vendors. And in the two years since Sina Weibo’s founding, the Twitter-like service has racked up 250 million users. â€Å"If you ask people, ‘Why you want to shop online? ’ I think many people will say that it gives transparency of pricing†¦ people look for convenience, people like more information,† said Phil Wei, China CEO of Export Now, a startup that allows US-based companies to list products on Tmall. â€Å"One thing [Alibaba founder] Jack Ma did is offer freedom to all these consumers and all these business units. † The free market The freedom to compete is giving rise to third-party service providers that could become some of the most dynamic companies in the Chinese economy. As has been the case with US tech giants Twitter and Ebay, Taobao and Weibo have both spawned an eco-system of third-party companies that provide related services, making the platforms practically an economy unto themselves. The type of third-party service providers surrounding the two platforms reflects the different aims of Taobao and Weibo. â€Å"Taobao is doing usiness transaction[s] while Weibo is media spreading information,† said Deco You, a Beijing-based analyst at iResearch, an online market research company. This discrepancy results in very different growth rates, said You. â€Å"The number of Taobao-related companies will increase much faster than those Weibo-related ones. † In addition to opportunities to sell goods, Taobao and Tmall offer business opportunities for subcontractors that provide services to vendors , such as store design, customer service, logistics and marketing. As a media platform, Weibo naturally lends itself to marketing companies, which began to emerge about a year after Weibo’s founding. Yang Xin, founder of marketing firm Weichuanbo, said he knows of at least 10 start-up companies that also specialize in Weibo, not to mention traditional marketing firms which have entered the arena. Despite these differences, doing business centered on either Taobao or Weibo is remarkably similar. The short lead times and relatively limited barriers to entry have resulted in fierce competition among many similar companies. Many of these third-party companies are quick to copy each other’s successes, a common tactic in China where enforcement of intellectual property rights is not as strong as in the West. But instead of knock-offs, the competition seems to foster flexibility. Weichuanbo has upgraded its software platform three times in attempt to stay ahead of copycats, Yang said. The companies also compete for the best online â€Å"real estate† on Weibo and Taobao. Taobao and Tmall sell ad spaces to the right of search results, although search results themselves are organic and depend on sales and consumer ratings. Weibo marketing companies commonly pay influential users to promote their products. Weichuanbo compensates about 200,000 users for their help, and Yang hopes that number will someday grow to 2-3 million. The instant feedback of web analytics also means that companies know immediately if they are falling behind the competition. If a user doesn’t like an attempt at viral marketing on Weibo, they are likely to say so or ignore it altogether. Shoppers on Taobao are just as quick to pass judgment. â€Å"Online, if a client comes to your store, if they stay longer than five seconds your store is not bad,† said Wei of Export Now. That means the chances they become frequent visitors will be significantly higher. But if [they stay] less than five seconds, they probably will not come back again. † Taobao- and Weibo-related companies also compete for unbridled optimism. Weichuanbo aims to have more than 300% in annual revenue growth within the next two years. Export Now expects to have some 300 US manufacturers selling through its service and US$1. 59-3. 18 million (RMB10-20 million) in revenue by the end of the year, up from virtually nothing at the present. The market will keep growing and the trend will continue in the next five to 10 years, and the expansion brings about more opportunities for third-party companies,† said Dong Xu, an analyst at research firm Analysys International. Yet growth in the Weibo community may not be sustainable. The government-led research center China Internet Network Information Center issued a report last month stating that new signups for Weibo began to slow in the second half of 2011. Weibo users nearly quadrupled from the end of 2010 to 250 million. With only 500 million internet users in China, however, continuing at that pace will be impossible. Although user growth will slow, there is still much money to be made. Spending on internet marketing is projected to grow to US$12. 5 billion (RMB79. 1 billion) in 2012, up from an estimated US$8. 1 billion in 2011 and US$5. 2 billion in 2010, according to iResearch. Marketing revenue in China is likely to continue growing quickly, said You of iResearch. Advertisers have only recently begun to shift online, attracted by ad space that is often more targeted and cost-effective than traditional print and TV advertising. Marketing and analytics companies can strive to grab more of that revenue by improving on underdeveloped technology and becoming more efficient, said You. Foreign companies with better technology and efficient operations could also enter the market, though they will still be limited by cultural barriers. Taobao and Weibo could also begin providing additional marketing services themselves. Taobao launched an internet marketing division in April 2010 called the Taobao Alliance, which quickly grew to have US$238 million (RMB1. 5 billion) in revenue, according to iResearch. This potential for new entrants means the market for third-party services is likely to remain highly competitive. Many companies that fail to keep up with the pace of innovation will undoubtedly be pushed out of business or be acquired by more successful competitors. But those that do innovate and survive will probably be among the most dynamic companies in China’s internet sector, regardless of the platform. As Wang Weili of Taobao marketing firm Shenzhen Fangwei E-Commerce puts it: â€Å"There might be other websites driving our business in the future. But where there are clients is where we will be. †

Health Is the Wealth

Life is not merely to be alive but to be healthy and wealthy. Virgil says that † The greatest wealth is health† A spanish proverb says that † A man who is too busy to take care of his health is like a mechanic too busy to take care of his tools†. Two things which is always on our mind is Health and Wealth. They are of utmost importance to all of us. Health and Wealth decide the quality of life we lead. If we want to lead a happy life, wealth and health are both important. Wealth is the ability of fully experiencing life. It is true that wealth will not make a person good, but there is nobody who wants to be poor, just for being good. And as Benjamin Franklin says â€Å"Wealth is not his, that has it, but his that enjoys it†. However, there is a tendency of large number of people to run after wealth. They work to gather more and more wealth. Inthe process they ignore their health. They do not take care in eating food at the right time. In the process of gathering more wealth, they also undergo a lot of stress. So many people spend their health in gaining wealth and then spend their wealth to regain their health. Money can buy a tonic but not health, we have to do a number of things to maintain our health . Now because of lack of exercises and proper food and stress the wealth may increase but health begins to suffer. It has been proved that overwork without care for health leads to a number of diseases. Disease like stomach ulcer, obesity are due to bad eating habits. Lack of exercises and stress leads to high cholesterol, Blood pressure and heart problems. So it is better to take care of your health. If we have health, we probably will be happy and if we have both health and happiness we have all the wealth we need. Health and intellect are two blessings of life. Happiness lies first of all in health. Mahatma gandhi says that it is health that is the real wealth and not pieces of gold and silver. Taking care of one's health should be a continuous process. We should follow a routine of exercises and proper food. It is said that exercise if persued continuously help us to gain strength. We should also follow a diet that is beneficial for our health. Going on diet does not mean limiting your food. We should aim at improving the quality of our food intake. Buddha says that the secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn the past but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly. An Arabian proverb says that he who has health has hope and he who has hope has everything. To get rich never risk your health. For it is the truth that † HEALTH is the WEALTH of all WEALTH†

What Is Your Understanding of the Following Concepts; Present Value, Present Value of an Annuity, Future Value, and Future Value of an Annuity. (Please Describe Any Formulas Related to Each.)

Present Value is the current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows, whether they be earnings or obligations. Present Value of annuity is a series of equal payments or receipts that occur at evenly spaced intervals. Leases and rental payments are examples. The payments or receipts occur at the end of each period for an ordinary annuity while they occur at the beginning of each period; For an annuity due. PVoa = PMT [(1 – (1 / (1 + i)n)) / i] Future Value is the value of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today. There are two ways to calculate FV: For an asset with simple annual interest: = Original Investment x (1+ interest rate *number of years)) 2) For an asset with interest compounded annually: = Original Investment x ((1+interest rate)^number of years) Future value of annuity is the value of a group of payments at a specified date in the future. These payments are known as an annuity, or set of cash flows. The future value of an annuity measures how much you would have in the future given a specified rate of return or discount rate. The future cash flows of the annuity grow at the discount rate and the higher the discount rate, the higher the future value of the annuity. The current value of a set of cash flows in the future, given a specified rate of return or discount rate. The future cash flows of the annuity are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the annuity.

Media Influences on Social Norms and Health

Media’s Authority on Illness: Messages the Public learn In today’s culture, the media influences many aspects of daily life. For the purpose of this research the media will encompass television, newspaper, magazines, and internet and the messages learned from these outlets relating to illness. In addition, investigating how people in power authoritative the messages portrayed on the media outlets and the agenda behind the messages. The people or organizations that influence the media have a big impact on the way we learn or feel about illness.Human beings can come to accept most anything that is repeated on the news, published in magazines, and said by people of influence. People in power will include, for the purpose of this argument, those with credentials, self-help â€Å"experts†, and funding agencies for specific illnesses. The media and people in power control what the public learns about illness. Moreover, publicizing illness when there is a finical gain o r what socio-economic group suffers from the disorder or illness. According to Brumberg (2000), anorexia nervosa was a relatively unheard of disease until the 1980s.Today it is so commonplace that women will see a friend who has lost weight or looks skinny and refer to her as â€Å"looking anorexic. † If this disease was only labeled as anorexia around thirty years ago how did it explode into mainstream culture so quickly? There are a number of different arguments to pose: elite women from Ivy League universities took interest in the topic, the three most popular women’s’ magazines published many stories about the disease, and people of social status died from this disease (Brumberg 2000).Different diverse newspapers became intrigued and jumped on the anorexia bandwagon, even including pictures of gauntly women on the covers claiming outrageously high numbers of women that now have this disease (Brumberg, 2000). It is also important to note that nearly all of th e anorexia sufferers were white and came from rich families (Brumberg 2000). These girls coming from wealthy families obviously had the money to pay for treatment and doctors. It is possible that their families ran in circles with doctors, scientists, and people that have social status to make powerful decisions.These decisions generated media attention leading to the general public being flooded with movies, documentaries, and news broadcasts (Brumberg 2000). If these affected by this new disease of anorexia were poor and underprivileged arguably the public would not have learned about anorexia and it might possibly not exist today. Like anorexia, the disease of fibromyalgia did not exist as a labeled disorder until the mid seventies (Barker 1999). Remarkably now six million Americans are diagnosed a syndrome which did not exist thirty years ago.Self-help literature and the internet is one of the biggest facilitators in generating information to the public as well as funded organiz ations (Barker 1999). According to Barker (1999) fibromyalgia is characterized by many different symptoms and it can present itself differently for every case. Interesting enough during interviews Barker performed with twenty-five women only one woman had not read self-help books, but she relied on information from her support group leader to learn about her syndrome (Barker 1999).Debatably, these women may have never learned they had a syndrome, lived their lives without media messages, and possibly saving money, time, and heartache dealing with this new diagnosis. By looking at the new diseases of fibromyalgia and anorexia it is clear that the media and people of influence taught the general public about these illnesses and facilitated there widespread exposure, but how does the media choose what messages to deliver and what messages to keep away from the general public.Clearly, anorexia was a disease of wealthy, attractive girls which could make a good story, generating money for the news outlets, doctors, and pharmaceutical companies. In addition, fibromyalgia could generate the same type of financial gain for doctors and medical companies, but are these the only motivators for the media and powerful people. According to Armstrong, Carpenter, and Hojnacki (2004) who constructed a study about whose deaths matter in America with attention to the mass media and the same motivators were congruent with the results they found.Consistent with powerful people controlling messages in the media, Armstrong et. al (2004) discovered that celebrities and members of Congress become involved with different diseases promoting attention and consequently leading to these promoted diseases appearing on national media outlets. For example, when Karen Carpenter died of anorexia it brought many celebrities together to publicize anorexia teaching the public the importance of treatment for anorexia (Brumberg 2000).The media claims that the diseases they cover are those that affect the general population but ironically the people that dictate what these general population diseases are, consist of the influential people and those with credentials (Armstrong et. al 2004). During Armstrong et. al (2004) study they also discovered that the media is more likely to cover diseases that affect white people than black people, even if a disease is killing many more blacks than whites. Mass media focuses more on the color of someone’s skin and social status than the mortality rate of a certain disease or illness.This absurdity can also be seen not only with what the media covers, but with what they choose not to cover. From the 1960s to 1980s black men in Harlem had a lower rate of survival than men in Bangladesh (McCord and Freeman 1990) and this was not publicized or put on any major media outlet. If white men had a lower survival rate it would have been all over the major news headlines because of their socio-economic status and control towards the media. The unequal coverage of media attention because of issues of power, race, and money in turn condition the general public’s perception about illness.Even people that are educated and intelligent many times cannot control being manipulated by the media to go along with messages they are delivering. What’s more is if the doctors, celebrities, and powerful funding companies are not endorsing an illness, therefore the media does not cover it, the general public will not ever hear about it. Surely, if anorexia suffers would have been black women with low socio-economic status the top women’s magazines in the country would not have published stories, news broadcasts would have been non-existent, and quite possibly anorexia would only be known to few and not a mainstream disease.Diseases that affect minority groups draw far less media attention and Armstrong et. al (2004) theorizes that it stems from predominantly white broadcasters and media executives. Furthermore, specul ating that media workers would rather focus on illness that affects their particular social class and group (Armstrong et. al 2004). This theory continues to support the argument that the people in power are working through the media to control the messages the public learn about illness and disease.Organized advocates, research scientists, and politically active organizations also have a high investment in messages the media relays to the public. Advocates call great attention to their cause threw drawing on media attention and aligning themselves with politicians that support their cause in accordance with the policy goals of the politician (Armstrong et. al 2004). It is a win for all involved; the politicians get the media coverage they want for their agenda, again sending messages about illness in a political format.People in power and the media have an enormous function in controlling what messages the public learns about illness. There are many different reasons they want to c ontrol the messages humans take in through various types of media outlets. Facilitating their own social group, money, and political gain are just a few addressed in this argument. The mass media, controlled by powerful people decide what illness they want the public to learn about and often times it has more to do with race and status than how many people are actually suffering or even dying from a disease. ReferencesMcCord, C. & Freeman, H. P. (1990). â€Å"Excess Mortality in Harlem. † New England Journal of Medicine, 322:25 p. 173-177. Brumberg, J. J. (2000). â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa in Context. † Fasting Girls pp. 10-21, 33-42 264-267. Armstrong, E. , Carpenter, D. & Hojnacki, M. E. (2006). â€Å"Whose Deaths Matter? Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media. † Journal of Health Politics and Law 31:4, pp. 729-772. Barker, K. (2002). â€Å"Self-Help Literature and the Making of an Illness Identity: The Case of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) . † Social Problem 49:3, pp. 279-300.

Personal Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Personal Philosophy - Essay Example Nursing requires that both nurses and nursing educators explore their own values so they can be better placed to appreciate and respect the cultural values and beliefs of the communities and individuals they serve. It is not possible to examine the aspect of scholarship in nursing education in isolation from the scholar within the â€Å"scholarship†, this comprises of individuals who embody several traits among which are; intense intellectual curiosity, disenchantment with prevailing systems as well as persistence for scholarly growth. In case these ideas were to be inculcated into the scholarship in a school of nursing, they would significantly contribute to the education of nurses who are not only professionally competent but also capable of dealing with situations beyond their call of duty should circumstances a rise. As aforementioned, my core principles are; do no harm and provide the best possible care; these can be implemented in nursing scholarship to mound the trainee s into moral and ethical professionals (Silva and Ludwick, 2005). When nurses are educated in and environment that allows them to express their curiosity, they will acquire more knowledge through in-depth research and studies which will ultimately make them better placed to deal with patients from their wealth of both theoretical and practical knowledge. Furthermore, when they are disenchanted with the prevailing systems, it means they will desire to improve them by examining alternatives and this will boost creativity. The second aspect of my personal philosophy has to do with elimination of discrimination, while this has been covered in nursing training; the elements of prejudice are still evident in nursing practice. This is however not exclusively emanating from nurses but possibly from patients as well, for instance a patient may express discriminatory, for instance racial bias to the attending nurse. In case, the nurse is not objective in his/her practice of care, they may dev elop a negative attitude towards the patient due to the offence and this may be reflected in the quality of care. In my opinion, the best way to bring about changes in the scholarship of nursing through scholarship is to teach it both as a science and art, such that it creates and avenue for excellence through which teachers supply technical knowledge, wisdom and humanity to students (Silva 2012). After the examination of prevailing conditions changes can be implemented through Lewis model of change that requires, the unfreezing of previously held perception, then the scholars can move on to other ideas which if found to be progressive can be refrozen until such a time they will require to be changed of improved (Mitchell 2013). In addition, this also results in inspiring students to think critically and reflectively so that they question convectional practices and strive to be better citizens of the nursing and global community. While ethics may be theoretically taught in class, un til a student is inspired to examine the process of nursing for him/her and make their own conclusions, they will only see them as abstract concepts. For effective change in the field of nursing scholarship; so that it may produce the best caliber of nurses, it is

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America Research Paper - 1

Is the U.S. Winning the Drug War in Latin America - Research Paper Example CON: No, the US is not winning the drug war in Latin America 1. Latin American nations are moving towards drug legalization 2. Drugs have become important in balancing international trade in Peru by earning the nation a huge foreign income 3. US anti-drug operations in some nations like Guatemala and Mexico are accused of victimization in their war on drugs 4. Venezuelan government is aiding drug traffickers by making the nation a key launching pad for US and Europe-bound cocaine 5. Latin America has marked a huge rise in coca production over the past few years despite the US efforts of discouraging its production Amidst the narcotics decriminalizing calls by some leading Latin American leaders, Janet Napolitano, the US Homeland Security Secretary defended the drug war strategy of the US. In her tour of Central America and Mexico to strengthen the security cooperation with the nations, Napolitano claimed that the US would continue assisting the Latin American efforts of going after t he regional producers and traffickers of drugs despite persistent drug-related violence.1 She claims that drug war has not failed but is rather a continuous effort of keeping the regional population from addiction to the dangerous drugs. Felipe Calderon, the Mexican President, supports the war and his target is the leading kingpins, capturing and/or killing several key cartel figures with the help of the US. The two nations are also united in the search for Joaquin Guzman, after he escaped in 2001 from prison.2 Alvaro Uribe, Columbia’s President, started meeting the other regional nations’ leaders on 4 August 2009 in support of the US anti-drug campaign. During the trip, Uribe’s aim was attempting to appease the other leaders from Latin America’s concerns regarding a deal that he expected to sign to allow the United States to relocate its recommendable drug-interdiction flight activities to Colombia following the dismissal of such operations from Ecuador. The plan could raise the number of the American troops within Colombia to facilitate war on drugs.3 This effort by President Uribe shows that the US war on drugs has impact on the Latin American countries and this support implies the war is not that badly off. The nation is under so much international pressure as the international community assumes that the US should deal with the whole situation with finality. This pressure may in turn make the US appear as if it is doing so little in this drugs war, which is not entirely the case.4 However, most Latin American nations consider this war as an overwhelming failure. Jose de Cordoba argues that drug violence has spiraled beyond control in Mexico with a commission headed by 3 former heads of Latin American states blasting the war on drug as a failed effort, which is pushing the societies in Latin America to their breaking point.5 Consequently, the first Latin American Conference attendees favored decriminalization of possession of dru gs for personal use.6 Moreover, the attendees claimed that legislative reforms were underway to facilitate smaller sentences are given to the small traffickers, and set up policies, which minimize harm via encouraging the addicts to seek help from the health system. Such a hemispheric summit could spark open revolt against US-led drug war. Actually, Latin Americans are determined to gain their independence from the ‘disastrous’ US anti-drug policy.7 In an article dated 7 August 2009, Romulo Pizarro, Peru’s drug czar, estimates that the earnings of the foreign

White Collar Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White Collar Crime - Essay Example 214). In the United States of America, the punishments for white-collar criminals include fines, imprisonment, probation, and other similar punishments. The law that regulates white-collar crimes in the United States is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which is a federal criminal law that protects public and shareholders from fraudulent practices (Green, 2004). There are three main rules, which regulate this law. Ge and McVay (2005) state, â€Å"The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 requires the implementation of many new rules and procedures†. The first rule prevents people from altering, destroying, or mutilating any financial record. The second rule holds accountants responsible for maintaining the audit reports for a period of 5 years. The third rule ensures the retention of all types of business records and electronic transaction records. Although complete prevention of white-collar crimes is not possible, but the government of America has been successful in reducing the white-collar crime rate to some extent through implementing such policies that restrict higher officials from accessing the private records. Although this strategy has decreased in the United States of America over the last decade, but we cannot consider it a notable decrease. The reason is the rise of technology, which has made it easier for criminals to access the private records of banks, organizations, and other financial institutions. Two other strategies, which have been successful in the reduction of white-collar crimes, are Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) and Crime Prevention through Awareness and Procedural Design (CPTAPD). People commit white-collar crimes when they see that the chances of incarceration are less as compared to the benefits of crimes. The government of America has also achieved success in reducing the white-collar crimes by setting a corruption-free system. A

Review of the Economic Development Theories in Africa Essay

Review of the Economic Development Theories in Africa - Essay Example This paper offers an analysis of practical implementation of the four models of development in African countries. These models includes Harrod-Domar Model, Exogenous Growth model, Surplus Labor Model, and Harris-Todaro Model. Economic development theories and models are built on three main blocks; the saving function, the production function and labor supply function. Growth rate and saving function are equal to s/AY (where s is the saving rate and AY is the output ratio). South Africa is one of the developing countries in Africa that has implemented the Exogenous Growth Model since it has acknowledged the inclusion of technology and innovation in its plans. This model explains the importance of technological change (and capital accumulation in an economic growth. In Ethiopia Harrod-Domar model applies where high population growth rate is constraint to the rate of technological change. Harrod-Domar model outlines an economic function relationship in which the â€Å"growth rate of gross domestic product (g) depend directly on the national saving ratio (s) and inversely on the national capital/output ration ratio (k) Libya is one of the developing countries in Africa with the highest income per capita GDP, however, most of its population still remain poor and unemployed because of the rural-urban migration in accordance to the Harris-Todaro Model. This is a theory of rural-urban migration and it is strives to address the high rates of unemployment problem issue in the developing countries (Ezeala-Harrison,p3). Rural to urban migration is mainly fueled by the creation of more employment opportunities in the urban areas than the rural areas. This is the reason why most of the Africa’s developing countries such as Kenya have introduced policy of rural industrialization and development to help deal with the problem of high population and unemployment rates in the urban areas. Creation of more industries and other employment opportunities in the rural areas has attracted more people to the rural areas and this is one of the policies required for a balanced development in any country. In developing countries such as Algeria and Tunisia most of the citizens move from their rural homes to urban areas in search of education, employment and high living standards. Some people are also driven away by the poor status of their lands which are unproductive. The current surveys show that about 53 per cent of the populations of Kenya, Tunis, Algeria and South Africa reside in the urban areas. Rapid urban growth rate in the current economic status of the developing countries is a strain to the level of national and local governments to provide basic necessities such as electricity, sewerage, water and adequate health facilities. In such situations, squatter settlements and over crowded slums begin sprawling up. In a country like Kenya over-crowded slums are the homes to millions of the citizens. In most developing countries, this growth rate reflects rural crisis other than urban-based development (Ezeala-Harrison, p5). Harrod-Domar Model Harrod-Domar model outlines an economic function relationship in which the â€Å"growth rate of gross domestic product (g) depend directly on the national saving ratio (s) and inversely on the national capital/output ration ratio (k) (Jurgen & Paul, p257). Mathematically it is expressed as g= s/k. This equation derived its name from two economists (E.V Domar of U.S and Sir Roy Harrod of Britain) who proposed it. This th eory has been majorly utilized by the developing countries in planning their economy in the early post wars. For a targeted growth rate to be realized, a required growth rate must be set. Countries which are unable to set this require savings can resort to a jurisdiction for borrowing from international agencies such as International Monetary Funds and World Bank. Most of the African countries are developing countries which are unable to set the required savings to meet the targeted growth rate. They therefore resort to borrowing from international agencies. Huge debts are disadvantages to developing countries because of the higher interest rates and poor credit (Jurgen & Paul, p257). Problems usually a rise when these countries make irregular loan payment and underestimate the project cost. Every country

Comparison of two Historical Buildings in the Greater Los Angeles Research Paper

Comparison of two Historical Buildings in the Greater Los Angeles - Research Paper Example It can be argued that the Forbidden City is the richest of the three classical buildings. It has vertical structural beams resting on raised stone pedestals that frequently rest on wooden piles.   The Thien Hau temple is raised as well though not as high as the Forbidden City. There are also large vertical structural beams as seen in both the Forbidden City and Thien Hau temple.   The vertical beams are made of wood and are set to rest vertically and as a result exert pressure on the ground to gain stability. The Chinese study center is also well founded as it has proven over time. Structural beams  Both the Thien Hau temple and the Forbidden City have large structural timbers which act as primary support of the roof.   Wooden timber is used as load-bearing columns and lateral beams for articulating and framing buildings to support the roofs. The Forbidden City is also outstanding as it is raised very high compared to the others.Structural connections  Ã‚  Timber frames are usually assembled with joinery and doweling alone, hardly ever using glue or nails. It is clear how the types of semi-rigid structural joints are put together when in the interior of the Thien Hau. The joints allow the timber structure to resist bending while under high compression. The long lasting buildings have proven to have structural stability which ensures longer duration. Amazingly, the weight of the timber structures doesn’t pull down the building. This further gives credit to the indigenous system of construction applied.

Learning Experiences 5 (Personal Training) Essay

Learning Experiences 5 (Personal Training) - Essay Example The supplements are made available in form of tablets, capsules, bulk powder, or liquid. (Cheryl, 2007) Bluebonnet’s Maxi Two Formula is a higher potency, two-a-day, multivitamin, and multimineral dietary supplement in a caplet and is formulated with highly efficient patented Albion chelated minerals and popular carotenoids, such as natural beta-carotene and FloraGLO lutein from 100% natural marigold extract. (Bluebonnet) This is a family of multivitamin and mineral formulas designed specifically to address the nutritional needs of women. It provides a healthy response to sports injuries or surgery, muscle tears and pulls, sinus activity, joint mobility and fluid retention. Some ingredients are present in both the multivitamin formulas and in the same form such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, and B6. However, some of the ingredients are present in both the formulas but in different forms such as B12 and D as dibencozide and ergocalciferol respectively in Maxine, Daily Multiple for Women and as cyanocobalamine and cholecalcifero in Bluebonnet’s Maxi Two Formula (With iron). Mineral composition in Maxine is higher than in Bluebonnet in order to meet its dietary needs. Some ingredients such as phytase, black pepper, lactase, protease, and vanadium in Maxine are not present in Bluebonnet Vitamins, minerals and herbs are put together to sufficiently meet the needs of the user, for example, garlic, zinc and Echinacea are put together with vitamins C and B since they have the ability to resist infections. Mixing together minerals, herbs and vitamins also help achieve multiple desired results such as mixing beta-carotene, selenium, vitamin C, and E and chromium results in body protection and improved metabolism. (Walker, 2006) The variance in different multivitamin formulas results from the level of research done on the producing company and the fact that some ingredients can also be used as substitutes for each other with mild deviation from

Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Cold War - Essay Example A major characteristic of the Cold War was the prevalent of a division of the world into two distinct regions trending on varying paths of â€Å"political modernity and economic development†1. Amidst this war, the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a contest-of-power, thereby marginalizing the relation-of-domination causing complex bifurcation in the area of modernity for both nations and their communities. The origin and cause of the phrase â€Å"Cold War† cannot be oversimplified given the implications present to date. In this paper evaluates the validity of the phrase â€Å"cold war’ through the evaluation of the global perspective on the cold war, and its impacts on the first, second, and third world? Today, the Cold War, despite taking place years ago, symbolizes the establishment of conflicting political forces and powers that left the world characterized with wounds induced by war, given the violent ways used for the â€Å"manifestation of bipolar global order..†.2 Though global bipolarity could have existed prior to the Second World War, the end of this war and the end of the alliance between the Soviet Union and the United States deepened the drift between the two sides. The implication that the cold war began before the end of World War II implies that the contest for global supremacy commenced in as early as the beginning of the 19th century. In their perspective, the Soviet Union nations opposed the sole progressive and benevolent powers of the US and were not in terms with the market-oriented liberal world progressed by the United States. Conversely, opponents agree that Russia and the Soviet Union were insecure and fear that the US would cause a world that was mo re competitive, powerful, and more organized. This then led to the Union’s strategy to seek security through destruction of rival powers that is not compliant to or that compromised it. The insecurity of the Soviet Union does not cover-up America’s denial of

You are going to write an annotated bibliography of the research you

You are going to write an of the research you have done for your research paper - Annotated Bibliography Example This time Russia’s next move will affect the interests of the EU and may provoke unrest in Europe. The state of Ukraine is getting ready for presidential elections while the EU and US politicians are speculating about possible sanctions against Russia. The future of business and political order in Europe largely depends on the outcome of the election in Ukraine. The stakes are very high for all the players. The situation in Ukraine will affect global political influence and economic stability of dollar and Euro in international trade. I chose this source because it outline the events that led to political unrest and economic problems in Ukraine. It thought it would be important to understand what led to the crisis and explain its significance for existing world order. The article helps to understand why events in Ukraine affected the balance of power in the world. What is more, the source lists the candidates in the upcoming presidential election. It would be useful to try to understand how each of them would affect the balance of power in the region. Economist Staff (2014, March 22). The post-Soviet world order was far from perfect, but Vladimir Putin’s idea for replacing it is much worse. The Economis. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21599346-post-soviet-world-order-was-far-perfect-vladimir-putins-idea-replacing-it Russian President Vladimir Putin presents his actions in Ukraine to the world community as an attempt to build a new world order based on legitimacy. This approach finds some supporters in world politics where American supremacy is no longer unchallenged, especially after American failed efforts in Iraq and Syria. However, on closer inspection there are more differences than similarities between American and Russian actions in world politics. Firstly, Putin’s actions in Ukraine are likely to create unrest in many places across the world. Russian annexation of Crimea opens a